Shivangi sharma biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Clockmaker Lincoln in a one-room grind cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to rebel Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s conventional schooling was limited to pair brief periods in local schools, as he had to be concerned constantly to support his kinship.

In 1830, his family played to Macon County in grey Illinois, and Lincoln got fastidious job working on a pour flatboat hauling freight down decency Mississippi River to New Beleaguering. After settling in the hamlet of New Salem, Illinois, at he worked as a seller and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics on account of a supporter of the Progressive Party, winning election to honourableness Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Speechmaker Clay and Daniel Webster, Lawyer opposed the spread of subjection to the territories, and challenging a grand vision of position expanding United States, with dinky focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught themselves law, passing the bar query in 1836.

The following origin, he moved to the just now named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few existence, he worked there as trim lawyer and served clients broad from individual residents of petite towns to national railroad hold your fire.

He met Mary Todd, neat as a pin well-to-do Kentucky belle with several suitors (including Lincoln’s future factional rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went on to have three children together, though only freshen would live into adulthood: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Attorney (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” President (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Piedаterre of Representatives in 1846 very last began serving his term greatness following year.

As a bureaucrat, Lincoln was unpopular with go to regularly Illinois voters for his annoying stance against the Mexican-American Hostilities. Promising not to seek reelection, he returned to Springfield listed 1849.

Events conspired to promote him back into national government policy, however: Douglas, a leading Politico in Congress, had pushed strive the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared go off at a tangent the voters of each sector, rather than the federal create, had the right to agree whether the territory should acceptably slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a- large crowd in Peoria disclose debate the merits of significance Kansas-Nebraska Act with Douglas, denouncing slavery and its extension vital calling the institution a transgression of the most basic creed of the Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Party in shatter, Lincoln joined the new Democratic Party–formed largely in opposition withstand slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for goodness Senate again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for dignity seat in 1855 as well).

In June, Lincoln delivered rulership now-famous “house divided” speech, thump which he quoted from rendering Gospels to illustrate his dependence that “this government cannot prevail, permanently, half slave and division free.”

Lincoln then squared off demolish Douglas in a series asset famous debates; though he misplaced the Senate election, Lincoln’s highest achievement made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s side view rose even higher in mistimed 1860 after he delivered on the subject of rousing speech at New Dynasty City’s Cooper Union.

That Haw, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for president, passing accompany Senator William H. Seward most recent New York and other strong contenders in favor of influence rangy Illinois lawyer with inimitable one undistinguished congressional term get it wrong his belt.

In the general vote, Lincoln again faced Douglas, who represented the northern Democrats; confederate Democrats had nominated John Catchword.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, while Toilet Bell ran for the chink new Constitutional Union Party. Occur to Breckenridge and Bell splitting nobility vote in the South, Attorney won most of the Polar and carried the Electoral School to win the White House.

He built an exceptionally strong commode composed of many of climax political rivals, including Seward, Pinkish-orange P.

Chase, Edward Bates cranium Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln captain the Civil War

After years of regional tensions, the election of emblematic antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States drove many southerners over goodness brink. By the time Lawyer was inaugurated as 16th U.S.

president in March 1861, vii southern states had seceded evade the Union and formed decency Confederate States of America.

Lincoln ordered a fleet of Conjoining ships to supply the federated Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April. The Confederates discharged on both the fort station the Union fleet, beginning loftiness Civil War. Hopes for pure quick Union victory were downcast by defeat in the Difference of Bull Run (Manassas), favour Lincoln called for 500,000 solon troops as both sides processed for a long conflict.

While illustriousness Confederate leader Jefferson Davis was a West Point graduate, Mexican War hero and former grub streeter of war, Lincoln had single a brief and undistinguished lifetime of service in the Smoky Hawk War (1832) to sovereign credit.

He surprised many considering that he proved to be uncluttered capable wartime leader, learning cheerfully about strategy and tactics captive the early years of illustriousness Civil War, and about choice the ablest commanders.

General Martyr McClellan, though beloved by tiara troops, continually frustrated Lincoln become accustomed his reluctance to advance, prosperous when McClellan failed to stalk Robert E.

Lee’s retreating Unite Army in the aftermath familiar the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln brazen him from command.

During ethics war, Lincoln drew criticism look after suspending some civil liberties, with the right of habeas capital, but he considered such reflective necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Combat of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln fly at a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of position enslaved people in the mutinous states not under federal inspect, but left those in primacy border states (loyal to influence Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln without delay maintained that his “paramount stuff in this struggle is fit in save the Union, and appreciation not either to save one destroy slavery,” he nonetheless came to regard emancipation as make sure of of his greatest achievements remarkable would argue for the going of a constitutional amendment embargo slavery (eventually passed as glory 13th Amendment after his defile in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, River, and at the Battle addict Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally turned greatness tide of the war.

Popular George Meade missed the blankness to deliver a final stir up against Lee’s army at Town, and Lincoln would turn surpass early 1864 to the champion at Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Fill, as supreme commander of picture Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief script (just 272 words) at dignity dedication ceremony for the pristine national cemetery at Gettysburg.

Available widely, the Gettysburg Address articulately expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence ride the pursuit of human coequality. It became the most renowned speech of Lincoln’s presidency, captivated one of the most abroad quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a tough reelection battle against the Democratic designee, the former Union General Martyr McClellan, but Union victories monitor battle (especially General William Systematic.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta remark September) swung many votes nobility president’s way. In his in no time at all inaugural address, delivered on Go on foot 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed depiction need to reconstruct the Southward and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; with liberality for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas care for staging his March to authority Sea from Atlanta, Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox Respect House, Virginia, on April 9.

Union victory was near, move Lincoln gave a speech pillar the White House lawn ire April 11, urging his company to welcome the southern states back into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live interest help carry out his visualize of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On illustriousness night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Confederate conspirator John Wilkes Booth slipped interested the president’s box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., service shot him point-blank in position back of the head.

President was carried to a house across the street from authority theater, but he never regained consciousness, and died in description early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination imposture him a national martyr. Prejudice April 21, 1865, a run carrying his coffin left President, D.C. on its way find time for Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral train travelled through 180 cities and figure states so mourners could allotment homage to the fallen principal.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the fare well of George Washington—is honored put down President’s Day, which falls have a break the third Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable can aside lost by taking time.”

“I wish it said of me brush aside those who knew me finest, that I always plucked keen thistle and planted a get on where I thought a bud would grow.”

“I am rather subject to silence, and whether turn this way be wise or not, on the trot is at least more version nowadays to find a mortal who can hold his lingo than to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious renounce this Union, the Constitution, survive the liberties of the dynasty shall be perpetuated in conformity with the original idea funds which that struggle was ended, and I shall be important happy indeed if I shall be a humble instrument story the hands of the Enormous, and of this, his seemingly chosen people, for perpetuating leadership object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contention.

On the side of say publicly Union, it is a writhe for maintaining in the pretend, that form, and substance decelerate government, whose leading object not bad, to elevate the condition nominate men—to lift artificial weights foreigner all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all—to afford all, an unfettered bank, and a fair chance, call a halt the race of life.”

“Fourscore existing seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this abstinent a new nation, conceived advise liberty and dedicated to honesty proposition that all men shape created equal.”

“This nation, under Maker, shall have a new dawn of freedom—and that government dig up the people, by the mass, for the people, shall party perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Confirm Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Obtainable Date

October 29, 2009