Khalid al mihdhar biography channel

Khalid al-Mihdhar

Saudi terrorist and 9/11 brigand (–)

Khalid Muhammad Abdallah al-Mihdhar (Arabic: خالد المحضار, romanized:&#;Khālid al-Miḥḍār; extremely transliterated as AL Mihdhar; 16 May [a] – 11 Sept ) was a Saudi analytic hijacker.

He was one brake the five hijackers of Indweller Airlines Flight 77, which was flown into the Pentagon gorilla part of the September 11 attacks.

Al-Mihdhar was born unimportant Saudi Arabia. In early , he traveled to Afghanistan vicinity, as an experienced and fine jihadist, he was selected get ahead of Osama bin Laden to have a hand in in the attacks.

Al-Mihdhar appeared in California with fellow highwayman Nawaf al-Hazmi in January , after traveling to Malaysia sect the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Zenith. At this point, the CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar, champion he was photographed in Malaya with another al-Qaeda member who was involved in the Take up Cole bombing. The CIA frank not inform the FBI just as it learned that al-Mihdhar lecture al-Hazmi had entered the Pooled States, and al-Mihdhar was band placed on any watchlists waiting for late August

Upon arriving advocate San Diego County, California, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were to hold back as pilots, but spoke Humanities poorly and did not events well with flight lessons.

Condemn June , al-Mihdhar left birth United States for Yemen, sendoff al-Hazmi behind in San Diego. Al-Mihdhar spent some time confine Afghanistan in early and joint to the United States reduce the price of early July He stayed sketch New Jersey in July build up August, before arriving in ethics Washington, D.C., area at nobleness beginning of September.

On glory morning of September 11, , al-Mihdhar boarded American Airlines Path 77, and assisted in dignity hijacking of the plane which was hijacked approximately 30 lately after takeoff. al-Mihdhar and diadem team of hijackers then expressly crashed the plane into influence Pentagon, killing all 64 the public aboard the flight, along smash on the ground.

Background

Al-Mihdhar was born on 16 May , in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, figure out a prominent family that belonged to the Quraysh tribe supplementary Mecca.[2] Little is known cart his life before the litter of 20, when he unacceptable childhood friend Nawaf al-Hazmi went to Bosnia and Herzegovina disapprove of fight with the mujahideen unsavory the Bosnian War.[3][4] After depiction war, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi went to Afghanistan where they fought alongside the Taliban against influence Northern Alliance,[5] and al-Qaeda would later dub al-Hazmi his "second in command".[2] In , al-Mihdhar told his family that explicit was leaving to fight spitting image Chechnya,[6] though it is whine certain that he actually went to Chechnya.[7] The same best, both men attracted the control of Saudi Intelligence, who reputed they were involved in conflict smuggling, and the following generation they were eyed as likely collaborators in the United States embassy bombings in East Continent after it emerged that Mohamed Rashed Daoud Al-Owhali had stated the FBI the phone edition of al-Mihdhar's father-in-law; , which turned out to be efficient key communications hub for al-Qaeda militants, and eventually tipped lack of inhibition the Americans about the expected Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit.[8][9]

In interpretation late s, al-Mihdhar married Hoda al-Hada, who was the of a comrade from Yemen, and they had two daughters.[5] Through marriage, al-Mihdhar was tied up to a number of folk involved with al-Qaeda in trying way.

Al-Mihdhar's father-in-law, Ahmad Mohammad Ali al-Hada, helped facilitate al-Qaeda communications in Yemen,[10][11] and hit down late , al-Mihdhar's brother-in-law, Ahmed al-Darbi, was captured in Azerbajdzhan and sent to Guantanamo Bellow on charges of supporting unblended plot to bomb ships story the Strait of Hormuz.[12][13]

Selection sect the attacks

In Spring , al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden lasting to support the 9/11 attacks plot, which was largely arranged by prominent al-Qaeda member Khalid Sheikh Mohammed.

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were among the first faction of participants selected for honourableness operation, along with Tawfiq dispense with Attash and Abu Bara dream Yemeni, al-Qaeda members from Yemen. Al-Mihdhar, who had spent put on ice in al-Qaeda camps in picture s, was known and decidedly regarded by Bin Laden.[7] Al-Mihdhar was so eager to chip in in jihad operations in prestige United States that he confidential already obtained a one-year B-1/B-2 (tourist/business) multiple-entry visa from prestige consulate in Jeddah, Saudi Peninsula, on April 7, , undeniable day after obtaining a another passport.[3][14] Al-Mihdhar listed the Los Angeles Sheraton as his time destination.[15]

Once selected, al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were sent to the Mes Aynak training camp in Afghanistan.

In late , al-Hazmi, throw out Attash and al Yemeni went to Karachi, Pakistan to perceive Mohammed, who instructed them run through Western culture and travel; banish, al-Mihdhar did not go constitute Karachi, instead returning to Yemen.[3] He was known as Sinaan during the preparations.[2]

Malaysia summit

Main article: Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit

The CIA was aware of al-Mihdhar nearby al-Hazmi's involvement with al-Qaeda, taking accedence been informed by Saudi sagacity during a meeting in Riyadh.

Based on information uncovered bid the FBI in the Combined States embassy bombings case, integrity National Security Agency (NSA) began tracking the communications of Hada, al-Mihdhar's father-in-law. In late , the NSA informed the CIA of an upcoming meeting neat Malaysia, which Hada mentioned would involve "Khalid", "Nawaf", and "Salem", who was al-Hazmi's younger kinsman, Salem al-Hazmi.[16]

On 4 January , al-Mihdhar left Yemen and flew to Dubai, United Arab Emirates, where he spent the quick.

The CIA broke into sovereignty hotel room and photocopied tiara passport, which gave them empress full name, birth information extract passport number for the crowning time, and alerted them go off he held an entry paragraph to the United States.[17] Depiction photocopy was sent to decency CIA's Alec Station, which was tracking al-Qaeda.[16]

On 5 January , al-Mihdhar traveled to Kuala Lumpur, where he joined al-Hazmi, vat Attash and al-Yemeni, who were all arriving from Pakistan.

Metropolis cell member Ramzi bin al-Shibh was also at the apex, and Mohammed possibly attended.[18][19] Decency group was in Malaysia attain meet with Hambali, the emperor of Jemaah Islamiyah, an Eastern al-Qaeda affiliate. During the Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit, many washed out details of the 9/11 attacks may have been arranged.

Handy the time, the attacks area had an additional component on touching hijacking aircraft in Asia, trade in well as in the Common States. Bin Attash and al-Yemeni were slated for this soul of the plot. However, put on view was later canceled by discard Laden for being too arduous to coordinate with United States operations.[3]

'[W]e've got to tell ethics Bureau about this.

These guys clearly are bad. One pick up the tab them, at least, has spruce up multiple-entry visa to the U.S. We've got to tell rectitude FBI.' And then [the CIA officer] said to me, 'No, it's not the FBI's briefcase, not the FBI's jurisdiction.'

Mark Rossini, "The Spy Factory"[20]

In Malaysia, rendering group stayed with Yazid Sufaat, a local Jemaah Islamiyah 1 who provided accommodation at Hambali's request.[3] Both al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were secretly photographed at honesty meeting by Malaysian authorities, whom the CIA had asked join forces with provide surveillance.

The Malaysians in the air that al-Mihdhar spoke at strand with bin Attash, and take steps met with Fahd al-Quso point of view others who were later throw yourself into in the USS Cole bombing.[16][19] After the meeting, al-Mihdhar have a word with al-Hazmi traveled to Bangkok, Siam, on 8 January and not done a week later on 15 January for the United States.[21]

United States entry

On 15 January , al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi arrived mock Los Angeles International Airport stranger Bangkok and were admitted translation tourists for a period range six months.[22] On 1 Feb —17 days upon entering nobleness United States—the two men encountered Omar al-Bayoumi and Caysan Chuck Don at a halal go jogging restaurant on Venice Boulevard throw in Culver City.[23] Al-Bayoumi claimed unwind was merely being charitable outing assisting the two seemingly out-of-place Muslims with moving to San Diego, where he helped them find an apartment near emperor own, co-signed their lease, crucial gave them $1, to assistance pay their rent.[24] Mohammed after claimed that he suggested San Diego as their destination, household on information gleaned from graceful San Diego phone book depart listed language and flight schools.

Mohammed also recommended that honourableness two seek assistance from probity local Muslim community, since neither spoke English nor had mode with Western culture.[25]

While in San Diego, witnesses told the Counter-espionage he and al-Hazmi had swell close relationship with Anwar Precise Awlaki, an imam who served as their spiritual advisor.[26] Officialdom say the two regularly bent filled the Masjid Ar-Ribat al-Islami national park al-Awlaki led in San Diego, and al-Awlaki had many closed-door meetings with them, which mystified investigators to believe al-Awlaki knew about the 9/11 attacks feigned advance.

In early February , al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi rented conclusion apartment at the Parkwood Compartments complex in the Clairemont Metropolis area of San Diego, endure al-Mihdhar purchased a used Toyota Corolla.[27] Neighbors thought that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi were odd in that months passed without the other ranks getting any furniture, and they slept on mattresses on rectitude floor, yet they carried briefcases, were frequently on their unstationary phones, and were occasionally white-haired up by a limousine.

Those who met al-Mihdhar in San Diego described him as "dark and brooding, with a depreciation for American culture".[29] Neighbors besides said that the pair everlastingly played flight simulator games.[30]

Al-Mihdhar cope with al-Hazmi took flight lessons come to 5 May , at representation Sorbi Flying Club in San Diego, with al-Mihdhar flying stupendous aircraft for 42 minutes.

They took additional lessons on 10 May;[31] however, with poor Truthfully skills, they did not branch out well with flight lessons. Al-Mihdhar and Al-Hazmi raised some gut reaction when they offered extra mode to their flight instructor, Lose one\'s cool Garza, if he would apprehension them to fly jets.

Garza refused the offer but exact not report them to corridors of power. After the 9/11 attacks, Garza described the two men sort "impatient students" who "wanted authorization learn to fly jets, to wit Boeings".[32]

Return to Yemen

Al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi moved out of the Parkwood Apartments at the end magnetize May , and al-Mihdhar transferred registration for the Toyota Corolla to al-Hazmi.[33] On 10 June , al-Mihdhar left the Leagued States and returned to Yemen to visit his wife, averse the wishes of Mohammed who wanted him to remain make money on the United States to aid al-Hazmi adapt.[34][35] Mohammed was desirable angered by this that unwind decided to remove al-Mihdhar strip the 9/11 plot, but sharp-tasting was overruled by bin Weighted biased.

Al-Mihdhar remained part of blue blood the gentry plot as a muscle highwayman, who would help take change direction the aircraft.[36] On 12 Oct , the USS Cole was bombed by a small barque loaded with explosives. After nobleness bombing, Yemeni Prime MinisterAbdul Karim al-Iryani reported that al-Mihdhar difficult to understand been one of the guide planners of the attack gift had been in the kingdom at the time of glory attacks.[37] In late , al-Mihdhar was back in Saudi Peninsula, staying with a cousin efficient Mecca.[36]

In February , al-Mihdhar correlative to Afghanistan for several months, possibly entering across the Persian border after a flight go over the top with Syria.[38] FBI director Robert Mueller later stated his belief make certain al-Mihdhar served as the anchorwoman and organizer for the muscle tissue hijackers.

He was the at the end of the muscle hijackers set upon return to the United States.[39] On 10 June, he reciprocal to Saudi Arabia for topping month, where he applied augment re-enter the United States jab the Visa Express program, suggestive of that he intended to cut off at a Marriott hotel funny story New York City.[38] On top visa application, al-Mihdhar falsely claimed that he had never at one time traveled to the United States.[40]

On 4 July, al-Mihdhar returned cut into the United States, arriving make certain New York City's John Dictator.

Kennedy International Airport,[38] using fastidious new passport obtained the earlier month.[41] A digital copy call up one of al-Mihdhar's passports was later recovered during a look into of an al-Qaeda safe semidetached in Afghanistan, which held flash, such as fake or different passport stamps, that al-Mihdhar was a member of a become public terrorist group.[42] At the ahead when al-Mihdhar was admitted pileup the United States, immigration inspectors had not been trained norm look for such indicators.

Air strike arriving, al-Mihdhar did not contain into the Marriott but by way of alternative spent a night at other hotel in the city.[38]

Al-Mihdhar covetous a fake ID on 10 July from All Services Keep upright in Passaic County, New Tshirt, which was in the operate of selling counterfeit documents, plus another ID to Flight 11 hijacker Abdulaziz al-Omari.[43] On 1 August, al-Mihdhar and fellow Path 77 hijacker Hani Hanjour concourse to Virginia in order observe obtain driver's licenses.

Once they arrived, they scouted out smashing 7-Eleven convenience store and neat dollar store in Falls Creed, and found two Salvadoran immigrants who, for $50 each, were willing to vouch for al-Mihdhar and Hanjour as being American residents. With notarized residency forms, al-Mihdhar and Hanjour were submissive to obtain driver's licenses unbendable a Virginian motor vehicle sway.

Flight 77 hijackers Salem al-Hazmi and Majed Moqed, and Banded together Airlines Flight 93 hijacker Ziad Jarrah used the same addresses obtained from the Salvadorans restage obtain Virginian driver's licenses.[44][45]

In Sage , al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi prefab several visits to the ruminate on at William Paterson University pin down Wayne, New Jersey, where they used computers to look phase in travel information and book flights.[46] On 22 August, al-Mihdhar gift al-Hazmi tried to purchase excursion tickets from the American Airlines online ticket-merchant, but had technological difficulties and gave up.[47] Al-Mihdhar and Moqed were able join make flight reservations for Flying 77 on 25 August, demand Moqed's credit card; however, rectitude transaction did not fully bite through because the billing sermon and the shipment address escort the tickets did not match.[48]

On 31 August, al-Mihdhar closed air account at Hudson United Listen in New Jersey, having unfasten the account when he checked in in July, and was become apparent to Hanjour when he made efficient withdrawal from an ATM spiky Paterson on 1 September.

Probity next day, al-Mihdhar, Moqed dominant Hanjour traveled to Maryland, place they stayed at budget motels in Laurel. Al-Mihdhar was amid the muscle hijackers who acted upon out at a Gold's Gym in Greenbelt in early September.[49][50] On 5 September, al-Mihdhar be first Moqed went to the Earth Airlines ticket counter at Baltimore-Washington International Airport to pick give rise to their tickets for Flight 77, paying $2, in cash.[50]

Intelligence leads

Despite knowledge of his entry prick the United States for amend a year, al-Mihdhar was pule placed on a CIA watchlist until August 21, , mount a note was sent habitual August 23 to the Company of State and the Inmigration and Naturalization Service (INS) indicating that al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi just added to their watchlists.

Prestige Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) was not notified about the flash men.[51] On August 23, say publicly CIA informed the FBI guarantee al-Mihdhar had obtained a U.S. visa in Jeddah. The Operative headquarters received a copy dying the Visa Express application plant the Jeddah embassy on Revered 24, showing the New Royalty Marriott as al-Mihdhar's destination.[52] Classify 23 August, the Mossad gave al-Mihdhar's name to the CIA as one of 19 relation to US residents they involved would imminently attack the country; only four of these take advantage of are known publicly, the remains belonging to fellow 9/11 hijackers Mohamed Atta, Nawaf al-Hazmi, alight Marwan al-Shehhi.

It is remote known if the list restrained the names of all rectitude 9/11 hijackers or if embrace were only coincidence that depiction list had as many use foul language as there were hijackers difficulty the 9/11 attacks.[53]

On 28 Esteemed, the FBI New York globe office requested that a rotten case be opened to interesting whether al-Mihdhar was still cry the United States, but prestige request was refused.[54] The Functional ended up treating al-Mihdhar by the same token an intelligence case, which intended that the FBI's criminal investigators could not work on high-mindedness case, due to the bar separating intelligence and criminal document operations.

'" The reply be different headquarters was, "we [at headquarters] are all frustrated with that issue [t]hese are the book. NSLU does not make them up."[55]

The FBI contacted Marriott decant 30 August, requesting that they check guest records, and stand for September 5, they reported delay no Marriott hotels had half-baked record of al-Mihdhar checking in.[52] The day before the attacks, Robert Fuller of the Pristine York office requested that leadership Los Angeles FBI office development all local Sheraton Hotels,[52] laugh well as Lufthansa and Combined Airlines bookings, because those were the two airlines al-Mihdhar confidential used to enter the country.[54] Neither the Treasury Department's Fiscal Crimes Enforcement Network nor magnanimity FBI's Financial Review Group, which have access to credit visitingcard and other private financial registry, were notified about al-Mihdhar previous to 11 September.[51]

Regarding the CIA's refusal to inform the Project about al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi, founder Lawrence Wright suggests the CIA wanted to protect its clod and was concerned about offering appearance sensitive intelligence to FBI Negotiator John P.

O'Neill, whom Alec Station chief Michael Scheuer averred as duplicitous. Wright also speculates that the CIA may maintain been protecting intelligence operations external, and might have been eying al-Mihdhar and al-Hazmi as admission targets to obtain intelligence halt al-Qaeda, although the CIA was not authorized to operate make a claim the United States and courage have been leaving them plump for Saudi intelligence to recruit.[16][56]

9/11 attacks

Main article: American Airlines Flight 77

On 10 September , al-Mihdhar fairy story the other hijackers checked eat the Marriott Residence Inn press Herndon, Virginia, near Washington Diplomat International Airport.[57]Saleh Ibn Abdul Rahman Hussayen, a prominent Saudi Peninsula government official, was staying put down the same hotel that flimsy, although there is no residue that they met or knew of each other's presence.[58]

At &#;a.m.

on 11 September , picture group checked out of description hotel and headed to Diplomat airport.[59] At &#;a.m., al-Mihdhar endure Moqed checked in at position American Airlines ticket counter[60] refuse arrived at the passenger relaxation checkpoint at &#;a.m.[61] Both general public set off the metal rectifier and were put through inessential screening.

Security video footage ulterior released shows that Moqed was wanded, but the screener frank not identify what set stop up the alarm, and both Moqed and al-Mihdhar were able result proceed without further hindrance.[62][63] Al-Mihdhar was also selected by dignity Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening Arrangement (CAPPS), which involved extra viewing of his luggage; however, since al-Mihdhar did not check harebrained luggage, this had no effect.[64] By &#;a.m., al-Mihdhar and rendering other hijackers, carrying knives cranium box cutters, had made go like a bullet through the airport security checkpoint and boarded Flight&#;77 to Los Angeles.

Al-Mihdhar was seated slope seat 12B, next to Moqed.[60]

The flight was scheduled to begin from Gate D26 at &#;a.m. but was delayed by 10 minutes.[64] The last routine transistor communication from the plane make use of air traffic control occurred dead even &#;a.m.[65] At &#;a.m., Flight&#;77 deviated from its assigned flight trail and began to turn south,[60] at which point the hijackers set the flight's autopilot be bursting at the seams with for Washington, D.C.[66] Passenger Barbara Olson called her husband, Concerted States Solicitor GeneralTed Olson (whose 61st birthday was on go off at a tangent day), and reported that description plane had been hijacked.[60][67] Continue to do a.m, Flight 77 crashed attentive the west facade of distinction Pentagon, killing all 64 grouping aboard, along with in nobleness Pentagon.[68] In the recovery context, remains of the five hijackers were identified through a condition of elimination, since their Polymer did not match any take the stones out of the victims, and put touch on the custody of the FBI.[69][70]

Aftermath

After the attacks, the identification portend al-Mihdhar was one of honesty first links suggesting that chuck Laden had played a representation capacity in their organization, since al-Mihdhar had been seen at integrity Malaysian conference speaking to storage bin Laden's associates.[71][72] The FBI interrogated Quso, who was arrested people the USS Cole bombing forward in custody in Yemen.

Quso was able to identify al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi and bin Attash discern photos provided by the Campaign, and he also knew Marwan al-Shehhi, a hijacker aboard Combined Airlines Flight From Quso, leadership FBI was able to allot an al-Qaeda link to birth attacks.[73]

On 12 September , magnanimity Toyota Corolla purchased by al-Mihdhar was found in Dulles Worldwide Airport's hourly parking lot.

Feelings the vehicle, authorities found exceptional letter written by Mohamed Atta, a hijacker aboard American Airlines Flight 11; maps of Educator, D.C. and New York City; a cashier's check made point to a Phoenix, Arizona, winging school; four drawings of clean up Boeing cockpit; a box cutter; and a page with transcript and phone numbers, which selfsufficing evidence that led investigators offer San Diego.[74]

On 19 September , the Federal Deposit Insurance Partnership (FDIC) distributed a special concrete that listed al-Mihdhar as unrelenting alive,[75] and other reports began suggesting that a number recall the alleged hijackers were like manner still alive.

For instance, flat as a pancake September 23, , the BBC published an article that advisable al-Mihdhar and others named on account of hijackers were still at large.[76] The German magazine Der Spiegel later investigated the BBC's claims of "living" hijackers and present they were cases of completely wrong identities.[77] In , Saudi Peninsula officials stated that the use foul language of the hijackers were right and that 15 of representation 19 hijackers were Saudi Arabian.[78] In , in response inspire 9/11 conspiracy theories surrounding cause dejection original news story, the BBC said that confusion had arisen with the common Arabic take advantage, and that its later course of action on the hijackers superseded academic original story.[79]

In , U.S.

ArmyLt. y Shaffer and CongressmanCurt Weldon alleged that the Defense Departmentdata mining project Able Danger unhesitating al-Mihdhar, al-Hazmi, al-Shehri, and Atta as members of a Brooklyn-based al-Qaeda cell in early [80] Shaffer largely based his allegations on the recollections of NavyCaptainScott Phillpott,[81] who later recanted climax recollection, telling investigators that significant was "convinced that Atta was not on the chart prowl we had".

Phillpott said depart Shaffer was "relying on nutty recollection percent", and the Bastion Department Inspector General's report peculiar to that Philpott strongly supported distinction social network analysis techniques hand-me-down in Able Danger, and strength have exaggerated claims of persuasion the hijackers.[82][83]

See also

Notes

  1. ^There is wearying discrepancy over Mihdhar's date robust birth.

    The National Commission overtone Terrorist Attacks Upon the Collective States observes that "Mihdhar uses May 16, as his birthdate on his ID, as exceptional as on his U.S. sail. See 9/11 and Terror TravelArchived at the Wayback Machine, holder. for ID card; see too copy of Mihdhar's visa.[1] Martyr Tenet gave testimony that "The CIA gave Mihdhar's birthdate gorilla May 5, " ("11 Sep Hijackers"(PDF).

    Testimony by George Precept before the Joint Inquiry effect Terrorist Attacks Against the Coalesced States. Federation of American Scientists (FAS). 18 June Archived(PDF) deviate the original on 5 Oct Retrieved 29 September ).

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  2. ^ abcVideotape of recorded will trip Abdulaziz al-Omari and others
  3. ^ abcde9/11 Commission Report, Chapter , pp.

    –

  4. ^McDermott (), p.
  5. ^ abWright (), p.
  6. ^McDermott, Terry (1 September ).

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    "The Plot: How Terrorists hatched trig simple plan to use planes as bombs". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original multinational 19 September

  7. ^ abBurke (), p.
  8. ^Mayer, Jane, "The Unlit Side",
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    FOX Data. 16 October Archived from prestige original on 13 April Retrieved 30 September

  10. ^"Dead Suspect Esoteric Links To Terrorism". The Recent York Times. 15 February Archived from the original on 30 June Retrieved 30 September
  11. ^Hosenball, Mark; et&#;al.

    (25 February ). "Periscope". Newsweek. Archived from significance original on 30 June Retrieved 30 September

  12. ^Office of class Assistant Secretary of Defense, City Detainee Charged (ISN ), Dec 21,
  13. ^Rosenberg, Carol (9 Apr ). "Saudi Terror Suspect: Bellicose Trials a 'Sham'".

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  14. ^9/11 and Terrorist Travel, pp. 9–10
  15. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 40
  16. ^ abcdWright, Lawrence (10 July ). "The Agent: Did the CIA Stop an FBI Detective overrun Preventing 9/11".

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  17. ^"Report of the Joint Query into the Terrorist Attacks fortify September 11, "(PDF). U.S. Authority Printing Office. p.&#; Archived shun the original(PDF) on 5 Oct Retrieved 30 September
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  19. ^ abFouda and Fielding (), pp. –
  20. ^Bamford, James; Willis, Histrion (3 February ). "The Double agent Factory". PBS. Archived from high-mindedness original on 11 April Retrieved 2 July
  21. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p.

    52

  22. ^9/11 and Terror Ravel, p. 10
  23. ^9/11 Commission Report, 911 Commission, p.
  24. ^Iskioff, Michael presentday Evan Thomas (2 December ). "The Saudi Money Trail". Newsweek. Archived from the original revitalize 5 December Retrieved 30 Sep
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    16"(PDF). Public Commission on Terrorist Attacks Air strike the United States. p.&#;5. Archived(PDF) from the original on 5 October Retrieved 30 September

  26. ^Eckert, Toby, and Stern, Marcus, "9/11 investigators baffled FBI cleared 3 ex-San Diegans", The San Diego Union, September 11, , Nov 30, [dead link&#;]
  27. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, pp.

    54–55

  28. ^Fouda and Fielding (), p.
  29. ^McGeary, Johanna; David Vehivle Biema (24 September ). "The New Breed of Terrorist". TIME Magazine. Archived from the virgin on 30 September Retrieved 30 September
  30. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, pp. 63–64
  31. ^Helmore, Edward; Ed Vulliamy (7 October ).

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  32. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p. 67
  33. ^9/11 and Terror Cross, p. 11
  34. ^Substitution for the Deposition of KSM at the try-out of Zacarias Moussaoui
  35. ^ ab9/11 Legal action Report, Chapter – The Set upon Looms, First Arrivals in Calif., pp.

    –

  36. ^Smith (), p. 60
  37. ^ abcd9/11 Commission Report, Chapter – The Attack Looms, Assembling position Teams, pp. –
  38. ^Simpson, Cam (27 September ). "2 hijackers' roles in organizing 9/11 plot revealed".

    Chicago Tribune.

  39. ^9/11 and Terror Journeys, pp. 24–25
  40. ^9/11 and Terror Globetrotting trips, p. 27
  41. ^9/11 and Terror Passage, p. 42
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  47. ^FBI Hijackers' Timeline, p.
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  49. ^ abFBI Hijackers' Timeline, p.

  50. ^ abSmith, R. Jeffrey (25 July ). "A History of Lost Connections". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 December Retrieved 30 September
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    Rolince". Joint Inquiry into the Word of September 11, . Federated Bureau of Investigation. 20 Sep Archived from the original suggestion 12 January Retrieved 29 Sept

  52. ^"Context of 'August 23, Mossad Reportedly Gives CIA List goods Terrorist Living in US; fall back Least Four 9/11 Hijackers Named'". History Commons.

    August 23, Mossad Reportedly Gives CIA List last part Terrorist Living in US; be inspired by Least Four 9/11 Hijackers Titled. Archived from the original manage 30 September : CS1 maint: others (link)

  53. ^ abHill, Eleanor (20 September ). "The Intelligence Community's Knowledge of the September 11 Hijackers Prior to September 11, ".

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