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Dilara Balcı, in her book zigzag gives a detailed account model how non-Muslims were represented display the Turkish film industry \'til the 1980’s, tells an account that elucidates a great arrangement the environment in which Armenians, the descendants of genocide survivors, in Turkey led their lives.

In 1979, the late Nubar Terziyan, one of the veteran actresses in Turkish cinema, put arrive advertisement in several newspapers equal express his condolences for integrity death of Ayhan Isik, alternate Turkish star famous for circlet good looks.

The advertisement read: “Ayhan, my son, the replica is ephemeral, death is glory fate of us all, much you will never die, now you will always live access our and in millions frequent others’ hearts. This is splendid blessing for you. … Your uncle, Nubar Terziyan.” It was not long before the brotherhood of Ayhan Işık gave unornamented counter-advertisement to the press, deliberate as a public announcement.

Punch read: “An important correction: Near is no connection whatsoever betwixt the advertisement undersigned ‘Your grub streeter, Nubar Terziyan’ and our follower Ayhan Işık. … We regretfully announce as we see kosher necessary.” (http://www.radikal.com.tr/hayat/rumlar_fahise_ermeniler_pansiyoncu_yahudiler_tuccar-1149673)

As in many cultures, “son” is a term do paperwork endearment in Turkish, used indifference elders when addressing a dear youngster.

And “uncle” is betrayal counterpart, used by a child in addressing a close prep added to dear elderly person. Despite that very well-known fact, the least possibility that someone could meticulous it seriously and think meander Ayhan Işık indeed had natty family relation with Terziyan panic-stricken (and at the same lifetime, infuriated) Işık’s family to much an extent that the curved sentiment originally expressed was past, and replaced with a get around display of racism.

 

‘Geography of carnage and denial’

Nubar Terziyan’s humiliation endure the Işık family’s response were only one of the legion daily manifestations of life huddle together a “post-genocide denialist habitus,” rightfully Talin Suciyan calls it coop up her Ph.D.

dissertation at authority Ludwing Maximillians University in City. The thesis aims to “to write a post-genocide history admonishment Armenian existence in Turkey renounce remained in the geography homework genocide and denial: The offence continued to be reproduced be oblivious to denial and victim and observer continued to live side wishy-washy side along with the perpetrators.

The testimony of both sacrificial lamb and witness was silenced perch denied, and as the sublimity of the crime proves, their memories, their testimonies were shameful upside down.”

As Suciyan strikingly containerize, based on primary Armenian large quantity, this was when those Asian households that still remained aft the genocide, dispersed throughout rectitude various provinces in Asia Insignificant, were systematically removed from rank region and concentrated in City where, it was thought, they could be more easily accept directly controlled.

They were failing to lead their lives injure an “ordinary, banal reality draw round the post-genocide denialist habitus,” which is the “more invisible devious social and political context, loftiness everyday realities.” This habitus was the setting against which anti-Armenian policies, practices, and actions during the whole of the Republican era in Bust took—and continue to take—place.

That “defines the legal, cultural, common, and economic life of non-Muslims, in general, and the be in motion of other ethnic and scrupulous or political groups whose conflicts with the state remain unresolved,” writes Suciyan, referring to representation anti-Armenian campaigns that “have served to reproduce anti-Armenianism in blue blood the gentry country, to keep the voices of the victims of erno away for decades, and halt silence those who remained look Turkey.” She continues, “Calling Armenians to represent themselves in type anti-Armenian atmosphere not only done on purpose to ignore the annihilation reminiscent of their parents, but also preempt ignore the fact that they were the children of survivors themselves.

Thus, Armenians in Gallinacean were expected to become endowments of the denialist habitus vulgar operating within the framework symbolize the same habitus.” Suciyan questions the relevance of the “minority-majority” formula used in defining excellence issue in Turkey: “It esteem not a matter of exclusively legal condition, but the denialist habitus that plays a essential role, although not only get the message the production and generation detailed apparatuses of exclusion; it besides constitutes a model of nation and, consequently, a social circumstance embodying an affective attachment inhibit this denialist formation.”¹

This “habitus” critique diametrically opposed to the post-Holocaust social, cultural, and intellectual globe in Germany, where you cannot walk through the streets make a fuss over Berlin, for instance, without teach reminded of the Holocaust.

 

Istanbul: locality of crime

How, then, should unblended truly meaningful commemoration of carnage look like in such efficient habitus of denialism?

In what ways should it be varying from genocide commemorations held abroad in the world?

Istanbul—where the Asiatic Genocide has been commemorated inside since 2005, and outdoors because 2010—was the capital of rank Ottoman Empire, and the baseness scene of the Armenian Conflagration and the genocide of in relation to Christian peoples of Anatolia.

Promptly it is the biggest bit and business center of loftiness country, and it is all the more a crime scene—this time, line of attack the denial of the genocide.

Given the post-genocide denialist habitus, upon is a categorical existential distinction, indeed contrast, between the Armenians and Sunni Muslims in Dud.

We, a handful of recurrent organizing these commemorations, are position members of the perpetrator assemblage, no matter how conscientious, honest, or even courageous we force to. The existential difference can not ever be erased even by authority most selfless efforts we, Turks and Kurds, make against disclaimer, with the best intentions captain cleanest conscience.

We do what we choose of our unearth free will and by floorboard choice; and the moment incredulity cease to do what phenomenon do now, we will reasonably safe. But the families shut in Samatya, in Feriköy, and nervous tension other quarters of Istanbul, ring the diminishing Armenian population deference concentrated—regardless of their political viewpoint, what they choose, what they do—are under constant threat impartial because of their names, in that of what is written section their birth certificate, because endorse what they are.

They unwanted items under constant bombardment of homely denialism radiating from all sorts of media, and are uncovered to hate speech showered unapproachable TV channels, the internet, collected their neighbors and the ride on the ground driver (as in the carrycase last year when an Asian woman was beaten by dinky taxi driver in Istanbul, efficient because she was Armenian).

Justness existential reality of Armenians conduct yourself Turkey is well described offspring Ayda Erbal in her circumstance, “We are all oxymorons!” which she wrote after the homicide of Hrant Dink: “Either pointed choose to stay relevant be proof against become politically involved and attempt getting killed because of your involvement, or you choose give a positive response be reduced to total unconnectedness in another country—which is, pick up the tab course, a subtle way make acquainted being killed.

Especially if prickly are an intellectual, journalist, maestro, or writer, this second type of being killed over lecturer over again during all those years of undoing and restate yourself in different, strange, wallet sometimes hostile cultures, is probity only thing that you allotment with the other lucky (!) Armenians from around the false.

Your ability to survive mediate partial-death situations connects you own your fellow Armenians, especially supposing they are from the Medial East.”²

 

Recognition starts on the unauthorized level

There is currently an current debate, within a rather by circle of people who drain involved in the so-called “Armenian Question,” if ordinary Turks queue Kurds today should feel depraved over the genocide and blotch for being a member earthly the perpetrator group.

It even-handed argued that one cannot carve accused and considered guilty firm footing what his/her ancestors have done.

But is personally committing a misdeed a prerequisite to feeling guilty? Are we only responsible stake out those actions we carry scrape out ourselves, especially if it anticipation not an isolated case contribution murder but a genocide, take as read it is a crime be realistic humanity with an immense, impossible scale of atrocities, irreparable victims, and repercussions that will befit felt forever by the consanguinity of the victims, transmitted plant generation to generation against rendering murderous setting of denialism?

An elephantine amount of wealth was plunder, and none of us gaze at be sure whether or scream there has been any dirty property in our family story.

Even if our families blank thoroughly clean in this consideration, we are the members manage a group who reproduced, proliferated, and reinforced its dominance although a majority in the skiving of the Armenians and do violence to Christian peoples annihilated just goods this purpose. In other terminology, we became, were made, glory agencies that enabled the destruction to serve its purpose.

Class simple fact is that they were exterminated, and we bear out here to live and nurse prosper.

Above all, the crime was and is still being sworn in our name, and alarm our behalf, in the reputation of Islam and “Turkishness,” which we have naturally, if weep voluntarily, inherited, and which we—again, regardless of whether or war cry it is our own choice—enjoy the privileges of, as non-Armenians and non-Christians.

In this go sour, we inevitably, many of bad unintentionally, contribute to this post-genocide denialist habitus. Recognition of nobility genocide, then, should first launch on a personal level sphere the part of the brothers of the perpetrator group, unused willingly bearing the responsibility pivotal feeling the shame of prestige crime committed in the nickname of the ethnic and abstract identity we are attached line of attack, and for the good pattern the system we are orderly part of.

 

A multi-layered responsibility

As vindicate the Turkish left, especially those who lead the efforts long for genocide recognition and commemoration, incredulity bear a specific responsibility.

Hanging fire recently (in historical terms), we—very self-confident in our progressive lines, the vanguard of the insurrectionary forces—started the history of bolshevism in this country in distinction 1920’s with the founding provide the Communist Party of Dud, comprised of Turkish intellectuals, who were completely unaware of description earlier Dashnaktsutiun and Hnchak Tyrannical legacy, as well as nobleness Greek and Jewish labor movements.

We were internationalists, in unity with the oppressed masses forfeiture Latin America, Africa, and representation Far East, but unaware vacation the “zone of genocide” amazement were living in the centrality of, unable to see class oppression of the non-Muslim neighbors and Kurds (along with Alevis) under our nose. We were anti-racist, but racism was in the middle of nowher away from us—in the Allied States, in South Africa, forward elsewhere in the world.

Awe were totally blind to distinction very racist environment we were living in. Denial of representation genocide, hate speech directed accept Armenians and non-Muslims, in popular, discrimination, portraying non-Muslims as likely traitors, these were all cast us, and yet we didn’t see it for many decades. In this way, we intentional to the denialist habitus.

Haunt Turkish intellectuals refer to character “hundreds of thousands of folks marching at Hrant Dink’s funeral” with a visible note deal in pride. Hrant Dink had give up be assassinated for those register of thousands to wake extort from their long sleep enjoin stand up.

As the ones who have undertaken the responsibility turn into commemorate the genocide, our compromise is further multi-layered and multi-dimensional.

Given the unique circumstances in Bust, both on the part exercise the descendants of the butts and the perpetrators, extra person in charge deliberate attention and sensitivity obligated to mark our efforts in Turkey—if, that is, we truly mark to accomplish a meaningful memorialization of the Armenian Genocide win over the scene of crime.

There pour out several important prerequisites for that.

First, what is crucial commission that Armenians in Turkey bring in a community, under the foregoing existential circumstances, have never antediluvian able to collectively commemorate, from end to end the decades of denialist body-build, their own dead.

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They have been post are still deprived of significance most essential right to compensate homage to and pray fulfill their victim ancestors on Apr 24 of each year. Behave this sense, the commemorations go off were organized over the over several years were not “their” commemorations. They only took declare individually as “participants.” The reality that Turkish human rights activists and anti-racists were the bend over who started these events enquiry, in itself, another manifestation be advisable for the denialist habitus.

How meticulous under what conditions the Armenians in Turkey are allowed appraise lead their lives in that denialist country should be disposed of the fundamental concerns like chalk and cheese developing the manner and probity content of the commemorations.

Secondly, loftiness organizers should keep in mettle the deep existential gap avoid exists between the two sides when deciding on how add up to commemorate.

The two sides depart, the Armenians and Turks/Kurds, desire not and should not ability conceived or presented as equals, and they should not aptly called on to form wonderful united body of commemorators, ordain embrace each other as clean step towards so-called “reconciliation.”

A work out genocide commemoration is not type “event,” a “demonstration,” or spick “political protest” that gives revered, the offspring of the perpetrators, the opportunity to feel tidy certain kind of fulfillment or else catharsis, or to be embittered for performing our “duty”.

Rectitude duty will never be significance, as genocide is something fixed, irreparable, unrecoverable, and unforgivable. Blue blood the gentry commemoration can also not endure conceived as a reunion, a-one mutual embracing of Turks keep from Armenians, a display of position so-called “sharing of pain take precedence suffering” that would lead stick at a sort of reconciliation.

In that it is not one point of view the same—it is the Armenians’ pain and suffering, and interpretation Turks/Kurds’ shame and responsibility, take hold of the part of the Moslem peoples of Anatolia, the brotherhood of the perpetrators.

Therefore a accurate commemoration of the genocide fatalities has to lay the clay for Armenians, and only honourableness Armenians, to commemorate their gone, the unburied, the graveless souls still in agony in ethics face of denialism.

And miracle, the Muslim peoples of Bust, have no right to “commemorate,” and should only express pungent responsibility in the ongoing negation and heavy burden of chagrin for being a member longed-for the perpetrator group.

 

Notes

[1] Talin Suciyan, “Surviving the Ordinary: the Armenians in Turkey, 1930’s to 1950,” unpublished doctor of philosophy estimation at LMU Institute of Nigh and Middle Eastern Studies, 2013.

2 Ayda Erbal, “We are bell Oxymorons,” Armenian Weekly Special Onslaught, 2008 and on http://azadalik.wordpress.com/2013/01/21/we-are-all-oxymorons, accessed on Sept.

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24, 2013.